Mass shootings threatening the United States have led to new concerns about how to survive.
While these efforts are far from being an accurate science, they are based on a disturbing amount of data-including case studies, the body in these tragedies, and the personal narrative of people who somehow come out alive.
Some private companies are now training office staff on how to respond positivelyshooter event.
Experts agree that following some simple rules can help improve a person's chances of survival.
Be prepared to act in a crisis
Or simply know where the exit of the building is
Can make a difference.
Earlier on Sunday, the massacre at the Orlando Pulse nightclub was in line with the dire pattern prevailing in recent years, in which case life and death largely depended on the reaction of the people there in the first few minutes.
Research shows that it usually takes about three minutes for police to reach an active place
Shooter Situation-
Although the Orlando club has an extra
The police on duty in charge of security work and the gunman got engaged.
As usual, the best move for civilians is to leave the place immediately through any possible route.
Many people fled to the patio from the back and side doors.
Not so lucky were those who walked into the bathroom, a dead end and were stuck when the Gunners came in behind them.
J. said: "When you go somewhere, you don't want to put yourself in a situation where you don't have any choice if you are found . "
Pete Blair, executive director of the Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training Center at Texas State University. Blair co-
Wrote active shooters: Events and responses, which included guidance to civilians.
The mantra for the book is "avoid, deny, and defend ".
The Department of Homeland Security has also endorsed a similar concept built around the word "Escape, hide, fight.
The latter option is D. C.
Police Chief Cathy Lanier told 60 Minutes last year that people should be prepared to kill an attacker before the police arrive.
Such behavior is the last resort, Blair said: "When we train, we always emphasize 'avoid, deny, defense' and there is a reason for them to do so.
He said that he was not completely satisfied with the concept of "hiding;
For example, the killer can find people under the table.
"Hiding is a passive behavior.
"Contrary to 'deniation', I am trying to prevent you from approaching me," Blair said . ".
A more positive response is to set up a roadblock to a door, or it is better to lock it;
His organization did not know that an active gunman had broken a locked door.
Blair said he also warned against pretending to die as a tactic: although news reports suggest that some victims in Orlando pretend to be dead, it usually doesn't work.
"When you pretend to die, we see again and again in this case, the gunmen continue to shoot those who have fallen, who they think is dead," Blair said . ".
Blair's book warns those who hide the pistol, in addition to trying to fight the murderer as a last resort: a study of activists
Shooting events, and other quality-
Casualties, including terrorist attacks.
2001, revealing the many mental and physical challenges that arise when a person suddenly falls into a strange, unexpected and terrible situation.
Few people have experienced such things.
So most people are slow to understand what is going on with terrible things.
At Pulse night club, for example, the initial gunshots of Gunners Omar Matin were heard, but many thought it was part of firecrackers or music.
In the crisis of limited space, people usually act instinctively in a way that does not increase their chances of survival.
For example, people usually try to leave the building through the main entrance instead of the secondary exit.
This can create bottlenecks.
Typical example occurs at a station nightclub in Warwick, west of the United States, involving a fire, not an active gunmanI. , on Feb. 20, 2003.
A fireworks display by a heavy metal band caused the wood to catch fire. frame club.
At first people thought it was part of the show.
The fire spread quickly and people rushed to the main entrance, where firefighters found 25 bodies.
Hundreds of people died in the fire.
This will give you an obvious hint: know your second exit.
As a day-to-day matter, one should understand how to get out of the building through an emergency exit or back door in case of an incident requiring a quick evacuation.
All buildings have these exits-these are required by fire regulations.
The purpose of the fire drill is to train the mind, in situations that may be confusing, where one may not think clearly, to know where to go without having to think about the issue.
The exit of the building may be more than what people first saw.
Take the gourmet court as an example: there may be only a few major entrances and exits, but food vendors may have their own exits through their kitchens.
If trapped in the food court, Blair said, he would jump over the counter and escape from the kitchen.
Blair said research has shown little hope for reasoning about mass killers.
If there is no way to escape or find a protective cover, the best thing to do is to gather multiple attackers.
They should use what they have as a weapon.
Coffee cups, car keys or something.
"In general, the man has shown the desire to murder others.
A lot of people have been killed, "Blair said.
"Is it possible for you to convince him?
There may be a chance.
This opportunity may be small.
We just don't see this happening in these circumstances.
But we know that in 1 of 5 cases, we see people successfully blocking attackers.
"Read more: when the event-
The gunmen became hostages, and the police issued a tough call when they were active.